Fabien Toulmé's Hakim's Odyssey, Book 3: A Review

Fabien Toulmé. Hakim's Odyssey, Book 3: From Macedonia to France (University Park, PA: Graphic Mundi, 2022). 249 pages. Translated into English by Hannah Chute.

The third instalment of this collection follows Hakim and his son Hadi in their journey across Europe. Having left Syria and tried his luck in Lebanon, Jordan and Turkey (Book 1), they cross over to Greece in a leaky boat and are confronted by the EU barriers of dilly-dallying bureaucracy, the rogue people-smugglers and price-gouging scoundrels as well as the widespread animosity against people who are simply feeling political repression and persecution (Book 2).

Hakim's Odyssey, from Syria to France, completed in close to three years.

With his wife Najmeh having already settled in France, Hakim decides not to wait for an administrative miracle of sorts and pushes on, crossing the border into Macedonia, followed by Serbia and Hungary. Now, Hungary may be part of the Union, but that does not make it a welcoming place for refugees. In fact, once in Hungary, Hakim and Hadi are put into a camp where conditions are, simply put, dreadful.

No comment...

Not every day in their odyssey is beset by bad vibes and hostile attitudes, though. In some places they are given assistance by total strangers; other people who share their plight offer advice and provide very useful information on border crosses and how to avoid arrest. Yet money runs out too quickly. They are exposed to bad weather; Hadi is constantly hungry and also gets a little sick. But Hakim’s perseverance pays off and after several months they make it to Austria, Switzerland and finally, Aix-en-Provence, in France, where Najmeh has been waiting for their arrival for two years.

This kind of person should be forced to walk across Europe with hardly any money in her pocket and fleeing political repression. And every time and wherever she was told to "leave", she should be forced to backtrack her way by 350 Km. Just for the sake of it, just so she would get fitter, since a change of mind or heart appears to be impossible. 

Someone knocks on a door and an extraordinary trilogy is born... FIN.

In his epilogue, Toulmé stresses the fact that Hakim’s odyssey does not simply end when he reaches France, because their life journey keeps going: they need to integrate into their new country, learn the language, find jobs and enrol their kids at school. They will contribute to their new community in ways that few local people will actually realise. This is a reality that gets distorted by the lies, the misinformation and the hatred of the antimigrant discourse regrettably so prevalent in the West.

The three books in this trilogy should become part of middle and high school reading sets. It is a sobering story, magnificently drawn and narrated.

 Yes, it is important to record certain details of History. City of Vienna Information for Refugees Arriving from Hungary at Westbahnhof Railway Station. Photograph by Manfred Werner (Tsui).

Fabien Toulmé's Hakim's Odyssey, Book 2: A Review

Fabien Toulmé, Hakim's Oddyssey: Book 2: From Turkey to Greece (University Park, PA: Graphic Mundi, 2022). 254 pages. Translated from the French by Hannah Chute. 

Book 1 of Hakim’s Odyssey ended with Hakim in Turkey, wandering the streets of Istanbul where he had been trying to make a living while working out how to obtain a visa to France (eventually refused to him and his son). In Book 2, Hakim, frustrated with the many obstacles and administrative barriers imposed by all governments, decides to make the (officially deemed to be illegal) trip to Greece, the European Union, by boat. It’s not a unique story: Hakim has to find his way among the dodgy opportunists who exploit human desperation and make a huge profit from the tragedy of forced migration. There are overpriced, taxi services by grumpy and menacing-looking drivers; there are the crammed hotels where receptionists charge extra as soon as they recognise a desperate Syrian refugee; then there are the store owners prepared to sell you anything you may need when you board an overcrowded boat in the Mediterranean Sea.

How important can it be to learn to prepare a milk bottle?

And then there is the night of the voyage: the mafias who arrange transport to the beach where they force a hundred human beings on to a shonky inflatable boat that should normally hold 25 people maximum. Toulmé’s craft unambiguously conveys the terror of these people as they cross the sea and the engine fails in the darkness, as water starts leaking into the boat and the certainty it will sink assails their minds.

No room at the inn... Unless you're prepared to pay more than others.

When disaster seems imminent, all the men on the boat jump into the water and hold on to the side to delay what seems inevitable: it will sink. In Hakim’s case, this lot were lucky. A Greek border patrol ship finds them. They are rescued and taken to a refugee camp where they will be held for 48 hours. Then they will be free to wander in Athens or attempt to move on. Carrying his very young son with him, Hakim will choose the latter. Hence the Book 3 in this series.

Words are always inadequate to explain this kind of situation.

The unpalatable reality is that boats sink all too frequently. The victims of this unstoppable migration can be as young as eight months old. In the meantime, heartless neofascist politicians continue to spit their xenophobic hatred against people whose only crime is to seek a better life.

And a daytime scene of Victoria Square...

Victoria Square, Athens, photograph by Badseed. 

Fabien Toulmé's Hakim's Odyssey, Book 1: A Review

Fabien Toulmé, Hakim's Oddyssey: Book 1: From Syria to Turkey (University Park, PA: Graphic Mundi, 2021). 262 pages. Translated from the French by Hannah Chute. 

The number of Syrian refugees in Turkey is close to 4 million people. The war began in 2011 around the same time as the so-called Arab Spring, now a distant memory of the short-lived push for Western-style democracy in many Arab-speaking countries. Few pundits will currently believe it has any chances of a resurgence.

Hakim is the fictitious name of a Syrian refugee who fled the country. His story is narrated by Fabien Toulmé, a French graphic artist with a cause. In his prologue, underneath the drawing of a plane flying above clouds: “Curiously, the urge to write about the migrants who are crossing the Mediterranean came upon me because of a disaster that had nothing to do with this problem…” (p. 2) The plane was the Germanwings Flight 9525 that left Barcelona but never reached Düsseldorf. Toulmé contrasts this terrifying tragedy with the recurrent tragedies of boats sinking while trying to reach Europe. Why do the deaths of tens of thousands of refugees who try to make it across the Mediterranean (when not a very high fence in Melilla) hardly ever make it to frontpage news? Why are we never told who these persons were or what dreams they had?

Toulmé suggests it is an issue of empathy: we are able to picture ourselves as passengers on a doomed plane, of course. But never would we imagine ourselves as the precarious overload on a leaky boat escaping war or famine or political repression or all three of the above.

The story has been divided into three volumes. The first one introduces us to a young Hakim growing up in a country that has been ruled by one family dynasty, the Assads. He comes from a family of gardeners who have successfully run a plant nursery near Damascus for decades. When the trouble starts, Hakim tries to avoid it as much as possible. But one day, at a military checkpoint, soldiers find a mask in the boot and immediately suspect him of being linked to terrorists.

In a peaceful country you are able to work and smell the roses...until a genocidal dictator decides otherwise. 

He is arrested and tortured. His freedom is attained only because someone in his family circle agrees to pay a hefty amount for his release. The family nursery gets confiscated by the army; so when his brother disappears, Hakim makes up his mind to leave Syria and look for work in Lebanon. He is not alone, of course. Jobs are hard to find in Beirut, so he goes to Amman in Jordan. The same situation confronts him there: badly paid jobs, discrimination, precariousness, the risk of being under surveillance from Assad’s agents…

"Their questions got crazier and crazier..." As if answering any of them would be of any use!

Eventually he arrives in Antalya, southern Turkey. Hakim meets Abderrahim, a wealthier Syrian who has also fled the country. He and his family help him to get jobs and make some headway. So much so that he marries Abderrahim’s daughter Najmeh. Volume 1 ends with their move to Istanbul.

Their wedding reception takes place in a small pizza parlour in Antalya. Unforgettable!

The message about the horrors, the repression and the corruption of the Assad regime comes through loud and clear. The fact that the character is a humble nursery gardener makes it even easier for the reader to make a connection. But he is just one of the hundreds of thousands whose stories deserve to be widely divulged.

Hakim’s Odyssey is composed in very simple artwork, yet it works really well in terms of backing the narrative with few colours and details. Toulmé acknowledges he had to use the services of an interpreter to interview Hakim. He is completely aware that his story is doubly mediated. This is a great story told through very simple yet powerful images.