Ana Penyas' Estamos todas bien: A Review

Ana Penyas, Estamos todas bien (Barcelona: Salamandra, 2018). 112 pages.

I was born twenty-five years after the Civil War ended, but was a very young eyewitness to (in the opinion of many) some of the worst years of the Francoist regime: the early 70s. For someone like my mother, born in 1936 just months into the conflict, those forty years of Fascist rule were a completely different story. Life was extremely hard – particularly in regions Franco and his collaborators chose to punish with gusto. Under Franco, women were the target of two powerful, tyrannical entities: the Spanish political version of Fascism (Francoism) and the Catholic Church, which were (and still are) solidly joined at the hip, as if they were Siamese twins.

In Estamos todas bien (which I would tentatively translate as We’re all fine, girls!) Valencian illustrator and graphic artist tells the life-story of her two grannies: Maruja and Herminia. More a homage than a proper narrative, given the constraints the graphic novel as a medium imposes upon the creator, the book seeks to be, quite understandably, a tribute, not a tale.

Penyas contrasts the past with the present of Maruja’s daily routine: loneliness, ageing and the resulting difficulty of moving in a pedestrian-unfriendly environment are shown in the first pages. The long walk back home from the park that used to take barely a few seconds now takes her minutes. Memories mix with current events through images and voices.

Does TV make it bearable to be alone for hours at a time?

Migration in post-war Spain is another of the topics covered by Penyas. In the case of Granma Maruja, she moved from Las Navas del Marqués, north of Madrid, to Gestalgar, a village in inner Valencia, an excursion to which remains one of my earliest memories as a child.

With friends like these, who needed enemies?

Penyas is a very subtle narrator, allowing her drawings to tell the reader as much as the reader wants to find out. See for instance the example below, where Maruja is being harassed by one of the bar’s regulars. The work is boring, the customers (all male, of course) are sexual predators, while the photograph of the genocidal dictator who happens to be Head of State “por la gracia de Dios” presides over the scene. Below, the dreary view from the bar reinforces the dispiriting outlook for a young woman like Maruja.

It may sound like an urban myth these days, but many people went to Madrid to make sure the dictator was truly dead. He was indeed, but his adherents and followers remain conspicuously active. At my grandmother's shop, by midday that day all the cava had been sold. Some celebrations!

For her part, Herminia also migrated with her husband and children to Valencia, the city, from Quintanar del Rey, a small village in Cuenca. With a large family to look after, they struggled to make ends meet. The dream of returning to the countryside slowly faded into oblivion, while one of her daughters became involved in left-wing politics fighting through outlawed newspapers against the agonising regime and the dictator.

Estamos todas bien has won two significant awards, the National Comic Award in 2018, and the 10^th FNAC-Salamandra Graphic Novel Award in 2017. As a heartfelt tribute to the two grannies who must have helped her become who she is now, the book is simply astounding. As a narrative, however, it lacks punch. The story meanders between the nostalgic and the denunciation of the extremely discriminatory culture against which the two women must have battled through the years. It is, moreover, a sad state of affairs that a neo-Francoist political party has resurfaced (which goes to prove Franco has never really “died”) and attacks women’s rights (as well as those of migrants, linguistic minorities, the LGBT community and others).

The guy at the bar in front of you could be a murderous criminal one day... the one behind you by the bottle of brandy is a genocidal dictator. Where would you go?

An enjoyable book, no doubt. Perhaps a much longer version would have enhanced the story and the message, although it would have made the book a lot more expensive. Moltes gràcies, T. M’ha agradat moltíssim.

¡Chisss! ¡Camarero! Un par de tercios y una ración de sepia a la pancha. Ellas les hacen el gasto. Sin el bar de la esquina, la economía española estaría más hundida que el Titanic.

1 March 2023: Great news! Estamos todas bien has been published in English by Fantagraphics, translated by Andrea Rosenberg as We’re All Just Fine.

Joan-Carles Martí i Casanova's Els països del tallamar: A Review

Joan-Carles Martí i Casanova, Els països del tallamar (Palma: Documenta Balear, 2013). 323 pages.

Pa, as my father-in-law was known to my children, was born in Fairfield, in the western suburbs of Sydney, four years before the second world war started. Fairfield is, coincidentally, the place where Joan-Carles Martí, the author of this book inspired in very real events, ended up in the early 1970s, in the company of his immigrant family. They spent barely five years in Australia, but it was long enough to leave an indelible mark in young Martí.

Fairfield Station in south western Sydney. Many Spanish-speaking migrants lived there and pronounced the name of the suburb as "Far-field". Photograph by J Bar.

Els països del tallamar, which could arguably translate as The countries overseas, is not your average novel about migration, even though one of its main subjects is migration. To begin with, there is no first-person narrator, which would be expected for a narrative on the migration experience. There is of course an omniscient narrator, but the story follows the whims and travels of the character in possession of a black-and-red opal. This is Gabre, whose mission is to render an account of the lives of three generations, between the end of the 19^th century and the first decade of the one we’re currently in.

One of the strangest things about this book is the choice of names for all the family members. They’re all birds: there’s the parents, Baldrigot (the Great Shearwater) and Calàndria (the Lark), and Gabre’s siblings, Coloma Alba (the White Dove), Damisela Grua (the Damsel Crane), Aguiló Auri (the Golden Eaglet) and Gavina Vori (the Ivory Seagull). Maybe Martí wished to disguise the names of his relatives, or perhaps it is mere artifice, but the strategy feels a little forced, somewhat contrived. Although the overall effect may have been engineered, it does not harm the narrative at all. As I said, it feels somewhat odd.

The other big issue in Els països del tallamar is, perhaps surprisingly, language. Language defines us inasmuch as it is the result of asking ourselves the eternally existential question, “Who am I?”. There is a twofold insight into language in the novel. On the one hand, the Martí family was the upshot of a migratory mix within Spain in the late 19^th century; the  descendants are part of the big post-war migration to Europe. Baldrigot and Calàndria move to Marseille, the Occitanian part of southern France. So we have an unmistakable linguistic connection, as the historical links between Occitan and Catalan are evident.

But on the other hand Martí wants to direct our attention to the fact of language as the tool the migrant needs to truly master in order to survive wherever he/she goes. Unless you communicate, you will not succeed. This, presumably, is the author’s experience: Martí is a reputable translator and interpreter, and has made his living through the ability to use languages, in plural. Like yours truly. Here’s a poignant paragraph on the migrant experience, in his case a fifth generation migrant: “For the migrant, the future takes ages to come. Quite often, it never comes, even though at the end of the day everything comes and goes. Time does not exist because we can fly over a continuous line where there is neither past nor present nor future. Only when it becomes far too late does every generation realise they haven’t achieved everything they could have achieved: that’s their fate. All things considered, the children of migrants are often, at birth, sentenced to becoming migrants again, just like their parents, their grandparents and great-grandparents. That steep road of return to the mythical country they have so often heard about at home begins the moment their parents leave. Going back is a much crueller migration. The children of their parents’ longing never quite knows where they belong. Nowhere do the natives ever quite consider them their own or their equals, and even those who leave for a few years return as hybrids, scarred by the fire of longed for lands.” (p. 46, my translation) The notion that the return to the place of origin can be “a much crueller migration” is at once interesting and troubling, and it should be further explored. Consider the case of the numerous young men and women who have been expelled back to their parents’ countries from the USA, sometimes without any basic knowledge of the language.

“The immigrants were astonished to see a military camp, copied from a photograph taken during a war that had occurred a generation before. No one had in any way imagined anything like this. In fact, many had mixed up ‘Hostel’ with the word ‘Hotel’. Given its semicircular shape, made from corrugated iron sheets, the Nissen Hut had been designed during the First World War so it would divert bursts of shrapnel and bombs, and for that very reason it was the perfect shelter close to the battlefield.” (p. 242, my translation). Un exemple reconvertit de Barraca Nissen a Leeton (NSW). Fotografia de Bidgee.

But back to Marseille. The couple have four children, and after a few years in France the opportunity to go to Australia is there for them to take. From London they fly the kangaroo route (as it was known in those days because of the many refuel stops that were needed before reaching Australia). They are placed in a migrant hostel and face the usual difficulties and hardships migrants faced in those days. How things have changed in the 21^st century!

While the years in Marseille make up most of the first two parts of the novel, their five years in Sydney constitute the most remarkable part. In the second, Martí imagines the possible lives the characters may have lived in ancient times across the globe. Personally, I do not believe in reincarnation or previous lives or stuff like that, and so this section is, in my opinion, gratuitous and makes what is a good story needlessly longer.

In Fairfield, the family go through the migrant experience of the 1970s. They are taken to the migrant hostels where the most basic needs are taken care of, but that’s about it. While the parents and the eldest son take jobs wherever they may happen to be offered, the children go to school and have to learn English from scratch. Their lives are shaped by the Great Return Plan to the Promised Land of origin, in their case Elx, the big industrial city south of Alacant.

Torrades amb mantega i Vegemite. L'esmorzar australià més popular. A la majoria dels emigrants no els agrada gens. Fotografia de Tristanb.

There would be an irreparable loss after their return to Elx, the death of Coloma Alba. Those who are free from such grief and sadness can count themselves lucky indeed. Els països del tallamar is an extremely valuable contribution to the account of migration from Franco’s Spain to other lands and places. It would have benefitted from a stricter editor’s hand, in my view. The question remains: will there be any narratives from the current generation of Catalan-language youth who have been forced to migrate? Let’s hope so.

Paco Roca's La casa: A Review

Paco Roca, La casa (Bilbao: Astiberri, 2016). 131 pages.

People of my generation will easily identify with the circumstances and the scenario depicted in Valencian Paco Roca’s La casa. The second half of the 20^th century meant a huge populational move from small villages and towns to what we in Australia colloquially call ‘the Big Smoke’, the cities, yet many of the houses the generation of post-war parents left behind in order to make a living in cities are still standing, holding various secrets and a kind of poignancy that only those who have lived the place know well.

It's never too late to learn.

In Paco Roca’s case, the trigger was his father’s demise. Returning to the house of his childhood summers, the father’s presence is still profoundly felt in every nook and corner. The house may be now uninhabited, but memories of his old man are still inspiring feelings in each of the siblings and even in the grandchildren. But there are also disagreements: what to do with the house?

Characters are roughly explained. Both parents are gone, but there are three adult siblings, their spouses and children. An initial decision has been reached: fix the many issues the house has, repaint it and then sell to the highest bidder. Is that what they really want to do?

The longer they spend at the house, the more uncertain they all are about the decision. Each of them recalls very personally meaningful moments. The house still hosts the presence of their parents, although Roca seems to focus far more on the dead father.

Remembering moments with your grandpa while taking a dump. A priceless chunk of the best humour.

There is also a neighbour, a man of the older generation, who is always around providing advice, asking questions, offering to help. What works best in La casa is the way the story-line moves back and forth. Roca is highly skilful when it comes to infuse the narrative with merely hinted-at feelings, such as grief or filial love. The inexorable passage of time is also a theme Roca carefully develops throughout this little gem of a book.

An extraordinary way to finish a book: I'll take the fig-tree with me, thanks!

As we slowly approach that age at which death, though fortunately not imminent (or at least I hope not!), becomes an ineluctable prospect, the question arises: what should we do with the family home? Is the sentimental value more important than its monetary value? And is property ownership a worthwhile undertaking in a world that seems increasingly unstable and dangerous?

La casa is a wonderful effort on a universal topic. It would undoubtedly deserve to be translated into many languages. Gràcies, T.

5/3/2022: Published in English as The House by Fantagraphics in 2019 (translation by Andrea Rosenberg).

Pep Puig's La vida sense la Sara Amat: A Review

Pep Puig, La vida sense la Sara Amat (Barcelona: Proa, 2016). 295 pages.

Josep is 12 years old, and he’s been spending the long summer holidays at his grandparents’ house in a Catalan village called Ullastrell. It’s early September 1981; he and his gang of friends (la colla) are playing hide-and-seek at night time when one of them, Sara, 13, suddenly disappears. Where has she gone? What has happened? Has she been abducted? Or is she fleeing home?

Ullastrell: it's s big small world. Photo by Pere López. 

A search party is quickly organised, with no success. In the meantime, Josep has gone back to his room, where he discovers Sara, who is neither pretty nor ugly. In fact, Josep fancies Sara a fair bit, and when she asks him to keep mum about her whereabouts, he easily acquiesces.

The house is a big one, the typical two-floor building with long corridors and a shop at the front. Josep’s grandfather died a couple of years before, so his widow appreciates her grandson’s company. What follows is a tender love story and a literary game between reality and fiction. Quite incredibly, Sara gets to stay at Josep’s room for longer than a week. He gets her three meals a day, she gets to use the bathroom and even the shower every now and then; she hides beneath the big bed whenever visitors approach.

The first edition of War and Peace.

So what does she do with her time when Josep is not in the room? She reads Tolstoy’s War and Peace. We learn that Sara is thought of as ‘a little weird’ by most villagers. In fact, she’s a gifted and talented teenager, who should have been sent to a first-rate school by her parents. Nonconformist and a little rebellious, she hates the village and wants to leave and decide for herself what her life will be like.

“Of all of us, Sara was the only one who was different. The rest of us were all alike, except for her, who was different. Already as a little child. I daresay Sara’s difference essentially lay in her intelligence, not so much her rebellious instinct. I mean, if she was rebellious, it was precisely because she was far more intelligent than all of us. It must have been very hard for her to adapt to a village full of idiots, I mean; and even though I was not from the village, I count myself as one of them. And the older she got, the worst it became. She kept coming out to play with us, but it was almost against her will, as if by the force of habit of so many years doing so, but you could already see that one day she would stop coming and would leave us alone for good. At least, I did; and I particularly see it now, remembering her when she was nearing her thirteen years of age, sitting on the green wooden bench under the mulberry tree, sullenly looking towards the far end of the street, as if she were already pondering the way to flee.And it was certainly what she was doing: pondering the way to become a fugitive from the village.” (p. 15-16, my translation)

La vida sense la Sara Amat [Life without Sara Amat] is an assured and sensitive narrative on the challenges and fears any teenager encounters. Told by an adult Josep with an autobiographical technique, the story makes the young kid face the issues that appear while growing up and reaching maturity. Puig succeeds in inviting the reader to understand which are the contradictory aspects of the adult world that completely puzzle and baffle young Josep: love and sexuality, of course, but also hypocrisy, loyalty and secrecy.

Leaving aside its minor issues of plausibility, Pep Puig achieves a rare sensitivity in this novel: young Josep is a timid boy, hesitant and apprehensive about the trials life will bring him to, yet the adult narrator (how dissimilar he can be from the author is probably a tricky question) creates a deftly balanced story. Just as Josep discovers something about himself by staring at his reflection in the mirror, La vida sense la Sara Amat is an invitation for the reader to doublecheck their firmest notions about fiction and memory. Let’s play hide-and-seek once again.

La vida sense la Sara Amat was awarded the Sant Jordi Prize for fiction in 2015. The first twenty-odd pages are available for download here.

[Added on 15 Feb 2020] The novel has been made into a movie. Here's the trailer:

Eka Kurniawan's Beauty is a Wound: A Review

Eka Kurniawan, Beauty is a Wound (Melbourne, Text, 2015. 498 pages). Translated into English by Annie Tucker.

Eka Kurniawan’s novel was first published in 2002, and it was only thanks to the tenacious effort by the translator, Anne Tucker, that this epic Indonesian saga about a cursed female dynasty finally became available to English-language readers.

The novel occasionally feels more like a series of tales joined by a common thread, which in this case is Dewi Ayu, the fiercely independent woman whose resurrection after twenty-one (yes, 21!) years of her death is narrated in the first chapter. This is a book that has almost everything: love, sex, violence, rape, torture both physical and psychological, incestuous relationships, politics, folklore, religion, magic, ghosts, myths. The list could go on and on.

Dewi Ayu is born just a few years before the Japanese Imperial Army invades colonial Batavia and subjugates the local population while their Dutch masters flee the island of Java. Her story of survival during imprisonment in a camp and forceful prostitution for the Japanese officers is an amazing one, and Kurniawan spares us no detail. Thanks to her Weltanschauung, her cheery yet fatalistic view of life around her, Dewi Ayu triumphs over the war, the Japanese and the despotic patriarchal men in authority once independence is declared for Indonesia.

She gives birth to three daughters, Alamanda, Maya Dewi and Adinda. They are all beauties and they will be, just like their mother, lusted after by various men. Alamanda’s beauty, legendary, creates the profound antagonism between Shodancho, a military officer with a penchant for breeding fierce dogs, and Kliwon, an idealistic youth who ends up becoming the local Communist leader. Shodancho takes up the task of massacring Communists with gusto, only to have his by then wife Alamanda begging for Kliwon’s life. She will promise her love to Shodancho (who had raped her before and during their marriage) if Kliwon is allowed to live.

And he does indeed remain alive. However, he is exiled, tortured, humiliated and degraded beyond what is tolerable on an island called Buru (the very island where Suharto kept thousands of political prisoners during his regime).

Most of the novel is set in a fictional town called Halimunda, surrounded by jungle and mountains to the north and the ocean to the sea. Dewi Ayu, the grandchild of Dutch plantation owners, is initially raised as a privileged mixed-race girl, but the advent of war will put an end to her wealth and her liberty. Given her legendary beauty and no less fabulous love-making skills, she will manage to remain self-reliant and powerful in her own way. She is by far the most powerfully-depicted character, and her life story, together with her three daughters’ life stories, combine to create a richly imaginative and humorous epic. By contrast, male characters seem rather flat in their unwavering adherence to violence or their indecision.

Author Eka Kurniawan at the 2017 Goteborg Book Fair. Photograph: Peter Norrthon.

Annie Tucker’s translation is a true gift to 21^st-century literature. Bearing in mind that Beauty is a Wound was first published in 2002, two years before Bolaño’s 2666, we need ask ourselves if it is just mere coincidence that two works by two writers who had never heard about (let alone read) each other have much in common. The world of Kurniawan’s novel is one where the beauty of women is a burden, almost a curse, to them. The violence men direct at them echoes the brutality Bolaño was denouncing in Mexico.

A great work of literature. Highly recommended.

Jordi Coca's En caure la tarda: A Review

Jordi Coca, En caure la tarda (Barcelona: Edicions 62, 2011). 222 pages.

Who is Miquel Gironès, and what does he do on Earth? Unless the two foregoing questions raise a modicum of curiosity in you, read no more.

For Gironès, in terms that everyone understands almost immediately, is basically a loser. A sixty-odd-year-old, grossly overweight Catalan businessman, who is bored to death with both himself and the life he leads. Quite possibly, a Fascist, too.

Gironès has arrived home from yet another week of work. Barcelona has been drenched with rain for the last few hours, so his shoes, socks and trousers are soaked and changing into dry clothes has become such a drag for him, it almost makes you feel sorry for him.

Except that it does not. Not then, not ever. And what’s more, a perverse reader might even rejoice when Gironès finds he has left the car lights on and has to yet again walk in the blasted downpour to turn it off. Off you go, sodden sod!

Through over 200 pages Coca provides a detailed account of Mr Gironès’s remarkably mediocre life. The only son of a doctor and his unexceptional wife, Miquel never stood out either as a student or as a sportsman. He’s a man of his times: insecure, uneducated, full of racist and misogynistic prejudices, quickly approaching a likely painful death. As soon as he gets home, he turns on the tele. Rather than cooking himself a healthy dinner he prefers to drink a can of beer and try and deceive his stomach with a tiny tub of yoghurt.

The bulk of the narrative is made up of his interior monologues, his twisted thoughts on the past. And what sort of a past can such a mediocrity have? This is where En caure la tarda certainly gains traction. We learn that Gironès did have a wife, Ester, who kind of adored him at the beginning. However, things soon started changing. Gironès fancied Ester’s sister, Agnès, and she kind of obliged. Somehow his wife found out, they were arguing while driving somewhere and an accident happened. That was 30 years ago. Ester died at the scene. Agnès stayed around for a while until her conscience dictated she had to kick him out of her life.

For over thirty years Gironès has been living a lie, but he feels little remorse over this. If anything characterises him, it’s his laziness, his unwillingness to make any effort at all to change things for himself. Jordi Coca’s skilful depiction of Gironès renders him as a ridiculously pitiful, overindulgent and spineless wimp.

Yes, ‘cause the way I go about my life, everyone’s telling you stories. Nonsense, gossip, most of it in any case spares you the need to read. There's no need to read anything. News flies past so fast. Nowadays everyone’s up to date with everything through everyone else’s comments. Culture, which Agnès liked so very much, has turned into shit. She liked to show off about culture. Let all poets kill themselves! The vast majority of paintings in the most prestigious museums are completely worthless. Straight away Gironès would admit to himself that he enjoyed this kind of verbal terrorism.

"Yes, because I harm nobody, no one starves because of what I think. And here, in the bathroom, in this tiny space, seeing my massive face in the fogged-up mirror, is where I best articulate my brilliant ideas on the world. If I was able to press the little button that would make everything blow up, would I do it? If for a moment I was God and I had the possibility of erasing the whole of creation itself, life and everything that exists, those galaxies that are light years away, what we can see and what we cannot, if I could restore the void, would I? Yes, I think so, boooommm!!!! My image would vanish from the mirror, the street would disappear, to hell with the migrants and all those annoying people, politicians and bankers being blown to pieces, doctors painfully disintegrating, planets and stars exploding just like soap bubbles, a thorough clean-up, leaving just the emptiness, the silence…” (p. 217, my translation) Fotografía: Traquair

The novel alternates between first and third-person narration, which makes the story flow more smoothly than if a first-person only approach had been used. Even so, many ideas and episodes of Gironès’s life are repeated all too often, which slows down the minimum plot there is.

Many questions may nevertheless arise for a conscientious reader. Did Jordi Coca have in mind any actual person known to him when creating Miquel Gironès? How much of a Gironès does each of us have? And since it is out of the question for us readers to feel pity for him, should we really recommend En caure la tarda?

While I cannot answer the first two, I would not hesitate to mention Jordi Coca’s book to anyone who enjoys serious literature and can keep a safe, sane distance between themselves and the protagonists of fiction.

Han Kang's The Vegetarian: A Review

Han Kang, The Vegetarian (London: Portobello Books, 2015). 183 pages. Translated from the Korean by Deborah Smith.

The number of articles and essays outlining the ever-increasing risks of eating the meat of chickens and other animals that are being treated with antibiotics and/or chemical substances is alarming. The presence of microplastics and fibres in ocean-caught fish has been proven and is yet another threat to any attempts to live a healthy life. Even the most widely used herbicide, glyphosate, appears to leave dangerous levels of residues in vegetables and fruits. It’s enough to drive one crazy, isn’t it? Should we eat only what we grow ourselves? Should we eat anything at all?

The premise of Han Kang’s novel is not too dissimilar: Yeong-hye, married to boring office worker Mr Cheong, wakes up one morning after having had a dream. Hers is nothing like Martin Luther King’s, though. Whatever her dream may have been, what it means is that she will no longer eat meat. The couple’s fridge and freezer are promptly emptied of all meats and fish (much to her husband’s wrath). When a few days later they have to attend a corporate dinner with the families of his bosses and other employees, Yeong-hye refuses to eat and is disparaged and sneered by every person at the table.

Her own family cannot understand or even accept why she has turned vegetarian. During a family reunion, Yeong-hye’s father reacts violently to her refusal to eat the many dishes that have been prepared. After he tries to force-feed her, she slashes her wrists. The commotion is of course huge, and as a result her marriage will soon be over. Yeong-hye goes down in a spiral of violence, psychosis and suicidal thoughts compounded by anorexia.

The novel is in fact a series of shorter narratives. The first one is narrated by Cheong in the first person; this provides the story with a rich point of view while allowing Kang to depict Korean society as coldly patriarchal and man-centred. Cheong describes his vegetarian wife as unattractive and uninteresting when he met her, reasons for which he sought to marry her. Go figure.

The second part is narrated in the third person, and tells of how Yeong-hye’s sister’s husband, an unsuccessful visual artist, convinces her to get her whole painted with flowers and act, together with a colleague of his, in a profoundly erotic video. When her brother-in-law suggests they perform actual sex, his colleague feels insulted and leaves. Yeong-hye shows enthusiasm for the sensations flowery skin arouse in her, so he gets painted by a former lover and returns hours later to film the sex video. They are found a few hours later by the artist’s wife and Yeong-hye’s sister. A birthmark in Yeong-hye’s buttocks gives this second part the title: ‘The Mongolian Mark’.

The third and final part adopts the protagonist’s sister’s point of view. Some time has passed since her sister kicked out her artist husband, and Yeong-hye is now in a residence for mental patients. She now refuses to eat: nothing at all will make its way into her stomach and an intravenous drip has been attached to her emaciated and fast-deteriorating body.

This is not a story about vegetarianism, which in any case is always a completely respectable ethical choice these days. The Vegetarian shows the clash between a dreadfully traditional society and the search for personal freedom of a woman trapped within the strictures of such a society. It is also a thought-provoking tale on death and the right to put an end to one’s life. Although there is no actual justification for Yeong-hye’s stubborn descent into emaciation and physical and mental ruin other than her insistence on avoiding contact with animals and loving trees, the question is asked: why is dying such a bad thing?

Personally, I’ve never given vegetarianism much of a thought. I still remember the most delicious bife con papas I’ve ever had, in a place called Energía in the province of Buenos Aires. If only all meats were this good!

The place is called Energia. The beef was superb! Photograph by

luis1977. 

The Vegetarian was awarded the 2016 Man Booker International Prize for literature translated into English. If you feel like reading further about it, I recommend this insightful article by Tim Parks, who raises some meaningful questions about Deborah Smith’s prized job. Naturally, the book has now been translated into many other languages. But is it really such a worthy winner? Hard to say.

Niccolò Ammaniti's Anna: A Review

Niccolò Ammaniti, Anna (Melbourne: Text, 2017). 261 pages.

Sicily, the year 2020. A virus has wiped out the world’s adult population and only children have survived. Anna, a mere 12 years old, has been living with her little brother Astor in their now defunct mother’s home near a small Sicilian village. Once they have run out of food, she starts searching and pilfering. The world outside Mulberry Farm is a dangerous place: packs of hungry, aggressive dogs roam the autostradas and other minor roads, and in this post-apocalyptic scenario survival requires not only resolve but also great doses of ingenuity.

Astor has never been outside the perimeter marked by the fence of the farm. Anna has made him believe there are smoke monsters beyond and gases that will kill him instantly the moment he steps outside their safe area. But Anna cannot keep him forever in the darkness about the real world. When a group of children approach the house while Anna is out looking for food and medicines, Astor joins them, marvelling that, apart from Anna and himself, there are after all other people alive on this planet. What other surprises does this world have in store for him? This is a world where scorched landscapes, ransacked shops and broken windows are the norm. How can there be any hope?

Anna will follow and attempt to rescue her brother. In her pursuit, she’s accompanied by a big Maremma dog she had previously almost killed and then saved from a certain death. How to survive in this lawless children’s society is a challenge her mother’s handwritten book of rules and advice does not have answers for.

Another young boy, Pietro, follows her to an abandoned spa hotel in the Sicilian hills where thousands of children have gathered. Rumours about remedies and cures are endless, and no one knows exactly what is going on. Anna locates his brother, but Astor initially refuses to go with her. The tyranny of the hordes is shown here in its crudest form. After a so-called Fire Party goes horribly wrong, Pietro manages to rescue Astor, and the three leave for the coast.

The coastal village of Cefalù is where Anna, Astor, Pietro and the dog flee from the chaos in the hills.   Photograph by Bjs.

Anna never lets despair take hold of her heart, though. Survival is the only possible goal. Can there be adults still alive somewhere on the mainland, across the Strait of Messina? Anna, Astor and Pietro (always followed by their loyal Maremma) start a journey towards Messina, where they hope to find a boat or barge that will allow to reach the continent.

Strait of Messina. Can there really be a future across the seas?
Photograph by Enzian44.

Anna is an unusual dystopian novel. The only adult voice comes in the form of a notebook, written by Anna and Astor’s mother in the weeks before the viral infection killed her, and where she wrote the Most Important Things. A post-apocalyptic world where children are the only survivors, and only for as long as they do not suffer any hormonal changes, is a doomed one. No child would make it into adulthood, and thus humanity would eventually vanish from the Earth.

Ammaniti includes some ironical elements in the narrative. The twin brothers who are still looking after their parents’ supermarket will only accept Domenico Modugno’s CDs as payment, but only those CDs they do not own yet. Some of the pre-pandemic advertisements Anna sees while roaming empty towns and cities are a stark reminder of the futility of the Western market-based economy. For instance, the insurance companies’ insistence on assuring our future. As if there were one!

Jonathan Hunt’s English translation captures the Italian flavour while staying close to familiar grounds for English language readers. The plot has some ups and downs in terms of tension and cohesion: there are loose ends, yes, although one may wonder if they need tidying up in a novel that portrays a future as grisly and dismal as Cormac McCarthy’s The Road (NB: in Spanish). Good entertainment.

Muriel Villanueva's Motril 86: A Review

Muriel Villanueva, Motril 86 (Barcelona: Proa, 2013). 286 pages.

In what is yet another dilatory strategy from a desperate(ly) conservative government, this week the Turnbull-“led” government (the quotation marks stand for sarcasm) decided to prevent a conscience vote in Parliament and waste many millions of taxpayer money (which should be directed towards people who are in dire need of assistance) on a postal plebiscite on same-sex marriage, the constitutionality of which will need to be determined by the High Court. As ever, Australia is dragged back into the 20^th century. It’s sickening.

Our friends S. and M. have been in a solidly steady relationship for over 20 years. They are, for all intents and purposes, a married couple – they are the proud mothers of a gorgeous teenager, A. Yet intransigent, narrow-minded bigots of the religious persuasion do not want to allow them to legalise their marriage on an equal footing as heterosexual partners. There are many thousands of Australian couples who share in their injustice.

Our kids used to think A. was incredibly lucky to have two mums. These days, the boys irately remonstrate against the backward, fundamentalist stance of the parties in government. If only Australian teenagers were granted the right to vote! How quickly the country might change for good!

My reader may be wondering what all of the above may have to do with the book under review. The answer is easy: everything. Motril 86 is a novel about a 10-year-old girl with two mums. It is 1986, and Spain has managed to survive yet another Fascist coup. After 40 years of social and political repression, there was among the young a hunger for many, various freedoms. Among them, sexual freedom.

Mar, the young girl and alter ego for Valencia-born Villanueva, travels to a small coastal village near Motril (Almeria) with Paula, her biological mother’s partner. She is to spend a week there. And what a week it will end up being: Mar will get to know the most intimate secrets of Paula’s friends and flatmates, she will have vital experiences unknown to her until then, and will learn more about herself than in the ten years she has lived so far.

A view of Torrenueva beach. Photograph by Jorgechp

The plot deals with how Mar engages with Paula and tries to make sense of her ‘second’ mother during the trip and the short stay in the Andalusian village. The dialogues are crisp and perspicacious; the characters are powerfully drawn; the trip narrative is replete with amusing anecdotes Spanish readers of my generation will recognise and identify with instantly. For instance, Flores, the macho hitchhiker who in the end manages to make even Paula laugh, is a plausible character who adds spice to the plot.

There are two narrative voices here, though. First and foremost, there is 10-year-old Mar, through whose fresh, naïve worldview we read the story. But there is also 35-year-old Mar/Muriel Villanueva the writer, who reflects on the difficulties of the writing process and discusses the trustworthiness of her memories with her two mothers twenty-five years later. Of course, such memories are unreliable – that is why we write fiction, don’t we? To make unreliable memories more dependable? Motril 86 delves therefore into the autofiction genre, and it does so quite successfully.

There are occasionally some weaker parts. Personally, I disliked the inclusion of the Facebook comments and queries, which hardly add anything to the story. There are also far too many musical references, as if Villanueva had been planting the seeds of a soundtrack for a movie to be made down the track. On the other hand, it is undeniable that music was a very significant part of our lives back then.

Els Pets was one of the bands Mar would listen to on her radio-cassette. Bon dia! (Good morning!)

Villanueva shows skill in creating Mar’s narrative voice: a wryly ironic young girl whose view of the world would have been very different from other children of her age. The smooth mix of Spanish and the two regional varieties of Catalan in the dialogues is also quite an achievement.

And now, can we please bring Australia into the 21^st century for good? Pretty please!?

Vicenç Villatoro's Moon River: A Review

Vicenç Villatoro, Moon River (Barcelona: Columna, 2011). 182 pages.

I feel I have an ambivalent attitude towards hospitals. It is the kind of place where you usually welcome the most cherished new life into the world. It was at a hospital that I first held my firstborn, my beloved daughter; yet there are also the memories of the place where many decades ago I saw my grandmother enduring the completely undeserved indignity of having her leg amputated a couple of days before she passed away.

The story of Villatoro’s Moon River takes place almost completely at a hospital in Barcelona. The day is the 11^th of September – TV sets everywhere keep showing the footage of two New York twin towers falling over in pieces, while in the Barcelonan streets enthusiastic youths march with flags wrapped around their shoulders and backs. The protagonists are two: one is a middle-aged writer, Pere, who has been feeling under the weather and goes to the emergency ward at the Hospital Clínic to get some tests done. While waiting for the results he meets Maria.

Maria is also awaiting results. She has recently returned from a trip to Africa, and her symptoms have been baffling the doctors. It’s either some recurring form of cancer or a tropical disease. They start talking, and over the next twenty-four hours, an unexpected empathy develops between total strangers, who are very much alone. The reader can easily conclude that they both feel terribly lonely, something that is par for the course in big cities.

The plot is minimal: apart from strolls through corridors and lucid discussions while sitting together on benches, plus a charming scene in which the two engage in a dance to the tune of Henry Mancini’s song, very little actually happens in Moon River.

What matters is the words and the glances (and let’s not forget the ever-meaningful yet unfathomable silences that accompany the words unspoken by eyes) they share on every single aspect of human life. The issues are many: the proximity of unavoidable death, the imperishableness of human deeds on earth, religiosity, beliefs and superstition, the feelings of guilt derived from our wrongdoings.

Moon River is narrated in the first person, and there is little doubt that the narrator is partly inspired by the experiences of Villatoro himself, who in the acknowledgements makes mention of the many doctors and nursing staff at various hospitals where he was well looked after.

A place as good as any to start a new life...or to finish a spent one. Photograph by Jordi Ferrer..

As you can presume from the cover, Moon River was marketed as “a novel about love and the fear of losing it”; despite Pere’s seemingly unconquerable pessimism, it is indeed a book about love – perhaps more about the love for life than the romantic love the photograph appears to hint at. While not an extraordinary book, Moon River is mostly an entertaining read. Villatoro repeats some sentences way too many times: it is difficult for the reader not to begrudge a narrator who keeps admitting “I didn’t know what to say”. Leaving such minor flaws aside, it turns out to be an intimate, introspective account of a fictional encounter, one endowed with enough verisimilitude nonetheless.